19. SUSTAINABLE MARITIME INDUSTRY
19.4 Protection of soil
Soil contamination may be a result
of a sudden accident or latent damage
caused by leaks from underground
structures or tanks. To protect the soil,
chemicals and oils must be stored
in special containers or tanks in protective
basins, away from busy traffic routes.
Even a small amount of harmful
substances spilled into the soil, depending
on their properties, may cause
damage to several cubic meters
of ground. Investigations and decontamination
of soil are very expensive.
19.5 Water protection
The most visible impact on water
in the shipbuilding industry is pollution
of coastal areas and sea caused by overfilled
waste containers and is a result
of various harmful substance spills from
ships, through soil or sewage systems.
It is absolutely forbidden to throw or
spill waste and chemicals into the sea.
Costs of pollution or investigations and
management of dredging contaminated
sediments are considerable.
19.6 Environmental noise
Often the impact of environmental
noise is noticed by the residents
of surrounding areas more easily and
clearly. Environmental noise differs from
normal background noise. Sound quality
can vary greatly depending on activities,
for example, the noise from the shipyard
is usually strong, impulse, narrow-band.
Noise abatement measures include
installation of mufflers, noise insulation
on machines and equipment, creating
buffer zones and replacement of noise
source. Noise-generating activities can
be replaced by alternative solutions,
e.g. purchasing quieter equipment or
choosing different production process.
The authorities set limits for noise from
industry prescribing permissible noise /
sound levels for day time and night time.
19. 7 Air emissions
Different stages of surface treatment
and internal traffic generate significant
amounts of air emissions. Steel surface
pre-treatment process and shot-blasting
create dust and particle pollution.
Use of solvent-based paints creates
emissions called VOC. Levels of VOC
emissions are monitored with periodic
calculations and measurements
in accordance with permissible conditions.
VOC emissions - are volatile organic
compounds that adversely affect human
health and the environment. Volatile
organic compounds (VOCs) cause respiratory
tract irritation, some are potentially
carcinogenic. VOC vapours contribute
to ground-level ozone formation.
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